By Dr. Smrithi D Nayak – Consultant – Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Aster RV Hospital.
Extreme cold weather poses unique challenges for pregnant women, as their bodies undergo physiological changes that affect immunity, circulation, and temperature regulation. Proper care during winter is essential to safeguard both maternal and fetal health.
How can cold weather harm in Pregnancy?
During pregnancy, the immune system is naturally altered, making women more susceptible to infections such as colds, flu, and respiratory illnesses. Cold temperatures can also cause blood vessels to constrict, reducing circulation and increasing discomfort, joint stiffness, and fatigue. Additionally, dehydration can contribute to complications like urinary infections and preterm contractions.
Cold weather can affect pregnant women by increasing the risk of the following complications:
1. Preterm Birth
Cold weather stress can decrease blood flow and oxygen to the baby, increasing the risk of early delivery.
2. Low Birth Weight (Especially in the Second & Third Trimesters)
Exposure to extreme cold during pregnancy can lower nutrient delivery and may limit fetal growth.
3. Respiratory Infections (Cold, Flu)
There are risks of respiratory infections, such as colds and the flu, due to suppressed immune systems and extra pressure on the heart and lungs during pregnancy.
4. Dehydration
During winter, cold, dry air and reduced thirst can lead to inadequate fluid intake. This can increase risks like preterm labour, constipation, UTIs, and decreased amniotic fluid.
5. Dry, Itchy Skin
Pregnancy hormones, along with the cold, dry air, lead to dry skin and itching.
6. Deficiency of Vitamin D
Less sunlight in winter means lower levels of vitamin D (important for a baby’s bone health) in the body. Your body requires sun exposure to synthesise most of its vitamin D.
Tips and Precautions
Here are some tips for a safe pregnancy during winter:
Maintain Optimal Body Warmth
Layered clothing helps your body to trap heat and safeguard against sudden cold exposure. This prevents heat loss and keeps you comfortable indoors and outdoors.
Have a Nutritious, Warm Diet
A balanced diet rich in proteins, iron, calcium, and vitamins is crucial during winter. Warm, freshly cooked meals such as soups, stews, porridge, and herbal teas support digestion and immunity. Seasonal fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds provide antioxidants that help fight infections.
Exercise and Rest
Engage in gentle indoor exercises or safe outdoor activities with warm clothing. This helps better circulation and overall health with no exposure to extreme cold. Rest and quality sleep are equally important, as cold weather can increase fatigue and muscle aches.
Skincare and Hydration
Cold air can dry out the skin, leading to itching and discomfort. Regular use of moisturisers and maintaining hydration helps preserve skin elasticity and comfort. Drink enough warm water, milk, or soup to prevent dehydration.
Regular Check-ups
Routine prenatal visits should not be skipped due to weather conditions. Monitoring blood pressure, weight, fetal growth, and overall health is vital throughout pregnancy.
Your body adapts to changes and weather during pregnancy. However, it has limits. Therefore, you need to take proper care and support your body’s functions with healthy winter habits and professional guidance. This will ensure both your and your baby’s well-being throughout pregnancy, especially in challenging conditions like winter.